Home Interview Questions and AnswersTechnical Interview Questions and AnswersC Programming C Language String Interview Questions and Answers For Freshers Part-1

string1. What is the difference between a string copy (strcpy) and a memory copy (memcpy)? When should each be used?

The strcpy() function is designed to work exclusively with strings. It copies each byte of the source string to the destination string and stops when the terminating null character (\0) has been moved. On the other hand, the memcpy() function is designed to work with any type of data.
Because not all data ends with a null character, you must provide the memcpy() function with the number of bytes you want to copy from the source to the destination. The following program shows examples of both thestrcpy() and the memcpy() functions:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

typedef struct cust_str {

int  id;

char last_name[20];

char first_name[15];

} CUSTREC;

void main(void);

void main(void)

{

char*   src_string = “This is the source string”;

char    dest_string[50];

CUSTREC src_cust;

CUSTREC dest_cust;

printf(“Hello!  I’m going to copy src_string into dest_string!\n”);

/* Copy src_string into dest_string. Notice that the destination

string is the first argument. Notice also that the strcpy()

function returns a pointer to the destination string. */

printf(“Done! dest_string is: %s\n”,

strcpy(dest_string, src_string));

printf(“Encore! Let’s copy one CUSTREC to another.\n”);

printf(“I’ll copy src_cust into dest_cust.\n”);

/* First, initialize the src_cust data members. */

src_cust.id = 1;

strcpy(src_cust.last_name, “Strahan”);

strcpy(src_cust.first_name, “Troy”);

/* Now, use the memcpy() function to copy the src_cust structure to

the dest_cust structure. Notice that, just as with strcpy(), the

destination comes first. */

memcpy(&dest_cust, &src_cust, sizeof(CUSTREC));

printf(“Done! I just copied customer number #%d (%s %s).”,

dest_cust.id, dest_cust.first_name, dest_cust.last_name);

}

2. How can I remove the trailing spaces from a string?

The C language does not provide a standard function that removes trailing spaces from a string. It is easy, however, to build your own function to do just this. The following program uses a custom function namedrtrim() to remove the trailing spaces from a string. It carries out this action by iterating through the string backward, starting at the character before the terminating null character (\0) and ending when it finds the first nonspace character. When the program finds a nonspace character, it sets the next character in the string to the terminating null character (\0), thereby effectively eliminating all the trailing blanks. Here is how this task is performed:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void main(void);

char* rtrim(char*);

void main(void)

{

char* trail_str = “This string has trailing spaces in it.               “;

/* Show the status of the string before calling the rtrim()

function. */

printf(“Before calling rtrim(), trail_str is ‘%s’\n”, trail_str);

printf(“and has a length of %d.\n”, strlen(trail_str));

/* Call the rtrim() function to remove the trailing blanks. */

rtrim(trail_str);

/* Show the status of the string

after calling the rtrim() function. */

printf(“After calling rtrim(), trail_str is ‘%s’\n”, trail_str);

printf(“and has a length of %d.\n”, strlen(trail_str));

}

/* The rtrim() function removes trailing spaces from a string. */

char* rtrim(char* str)

{

int n = strlen(str) – 1;     /* Start at the character BEFORE

the null character (\0). */

while (n>0)            /* Make sure we don’t go out of bounds… */

{

if (*(str+n) != ‘ ‘)    /*  If we find a nonspace character: */

{

*(str+n+1) = ‘\0’; /* Put the null character at one

character past our current

position. */

break;             /* Break out of the loop. */

}

else      /* Otherwise, keep moving backward in the string. */

n–;

}

return str;                  /* Return a pointer to the string. */

}

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