System.debug(‘************ ‘ + system.today().format());
System.debug(‘************ ‘ + date.today().format());

Output:-

************ 07/16/2014

************ 07/16/2014

How to get current year using Apex in Salesforce?

Integer Year = Date.Today().Year();

Output:-

************ 2014

How to get Yesterday Date using Apex in Salesforce?

Using addDays its possible see the following piece of code:
Date.today().addDays(-1)

How to get Current Fiscal Year using Apex in Salesforce?

We can get the month of your organisation Fiscal Year with this SOQL Query :

Integer orgFiscalMonth = [SELECT FiscalYearStartMonth FROM Organization].FiscalYearStartMonth;

And create a Date variable using this :
Date orgFiscalYear = Date.newinstance(system.today().year(), orgFiscalMonth, 1);

How to display Current Date, Month, Year in Visualforce Page?